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Sains Malaysiana 53(9)(2024): 3071-3083
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5309-13
Synergistic Effect of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria and Cirsium arvense against Black Scurf Disease of Potato
(Kesan Sinergi Pertumbuhan Tumbuhan Menggalakkan Rizobakteria dan Cirsium arvense terhadap Penyakit Scurf Hitam Kentang)
KARAMAT
ALI ZOHAIB, UZMA BASHIR*, IQRA HAIDER KHAN, ARSHAD JAVAID & WAHEED ANWAR
Department of Plant Pathology,
Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, Lahore 54590,
Pakistan
Diserahkan:
31 Januari 2024/Diterima: 6
Julai 2024
Abstract
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is an important cash crop of Pakistan. Black
scurf of potato is a very important disease that is caused by Rhizoctonia solaniKühn. In this study, management of black scurf of potato
was done through biocontrol method by using plant growth promoting
rhizobacteria (PGPR) and dry biomass of a weed, Cirsium arvense(L.) Scop. In vitro antagonistic interactions were carried out to assess the
potential of two strains of PGPR namely Bacillus
megaterium ZMR6 and Pseudomonas fluorescence PF180 against
the fungal growth. P. flourescens showed marked antagonistic activity causing 65% reduction in growth of the
fungus as compared to 43% reduction due to B.
megaterium. Likewise, in laboratory bioassays, methanolic extract of 2, 4
and 6% concentrations of leaf, stem, and root of C. arvense reduced biomass of R. solaniby 64-71%, 42-53% and 26-47%,
respectively. In pot experiment, the two PGPR species and different doses of C. arvensedry
biomass (CDB) viz. 1, 2 and 3% (w/w) were used as soil amendment separately as
well as in combination to control the disease. There were 13 treatments, which
included a negative control; a positive control (R. solanionly); 1, 2 and 3% CDB
(separately) together with R. solani, two PGPR species (separately) plus R. solani;
different combinations of two PGPR species and CDB together with R. solani. Potato
variety Sante was used as test plant. The highest disease incidence (91%) and
disease severity (rating scale 4) were observed in positive control (with R. solani only). R. solanisignificantly reduced biomass of tubers by
52% over negative control. All the treatments significantly enhanced tuber
biomass by 18-166% over positive control. The best combination was 3% CDB + P. florescence where minimum disease
incidence (3%) and severity (mean disease rating 0.2) were recorded. This
treatment also showed the highest tubers yield that was 29% and 166% higher as
compared to negative and positive control treatments, respectively. It
concluded that P. florescence in
combination with 3% dry biomass of C. arvensecan control black scurf disease and enhance
potato yield.
Keywords: Bacillus megaterium; black scurf; Cirsium arvense; potato; PGPR; Pseudomonas fluorescence
Abstrak
Kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) ialah tanaman kontan yang penting di Pakistan. Scurf hitam kentang adalah
penyakit yang sangat penting yang disebabkan oleh Rhizoctonia solani Kühn. Dalam kajian ini, pengurusan scurf hitam kentang dilakukan melalui kaedah
biokawalan dengan menggunakan rizobakteria penggalak pertumbuhan tumbuhan
(PGPR) dan biojisim kering rumpai, Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. Interaksi
antagonis in vitro telah dijalankan untuk menilai potensi dua strain
PGPR iaitu Bacillus megaterium ZMR6 dan Pseudomonas fluorescence PF180 terhadap pertumbuhan kulat. P. flourescens menunjukkan aktiviti
antagonis yang ketara menyebabkan 65% pengurangan dalam pertumbuhan kulat
berbanding pengurangan 43% disebabkan oleh B. megaterium. Begitu juga,
dalam bioasai makmal, ekstrak metanol 2, 4 dan 6% kepekatan daun, batang dan
akar C. arvense mengurangkan biojisim R. solani masing-masing
sebanyak 64-71%, 42-53% dan 26-47%. Dalam uji kaji pasu, dua spesies PGPR dan
dos berbeza C. arvense biojisim kering (CDB) iaitu 1, 2 dan 3% (b/b)
digunakan sebagai pindaan tanah secara berasingan serta dalam gabungan untuk
mengawal penyakit. Terdapat 13 rawatan, termasuk kawalan negatif; kawalan
positif (R. solani sahaja); 1, 2 dan 3% CDB (berasingan) bersama R.
solani, dua spesies PGPR (berasingan) ditambah R. solani; gabungan
berbeza dua spesies PGPR dan CDB bersama R. solani. Varieti kentang
Sante digunakan sebagai tumbuhan uji. Insiden penyakit tertinggi (91%) dan
keterukan penyakit (skala penarafan 4) diperhatikan dalam kawalan positif
(dengan R. solani sahaja). R. solani dengan ketara mengurangkan
biojisim ubi sebanyak 52% berbanding kawalan negatif. Semua rawatan
meningkatkan biojisim ubi dengan ketara sebanyak 18-166% berbanding kawalan
positif. Gabungan terbaik ialah 3% CDB + P. florescence dengan kejadian
penyakit minimum (3%) dan keterukan (min rating penyakit 0.2) direkodkan.
Rawatan ini juga menunjukkan hasil ubi yang paling tinggi masing-masing iaitu
29% dan 166% lebih tinggi berbanding rawatan kawalan negatif dan positif. Ia
membuat kesimpulan bahawa P. florescence dalam gabungan dengan 3%
biojisim kering C. arvense boleh mengawal penyakit scurf hitam dan
meningkatkan hasil kentang.
Kata kunci: Bacillus megaterium; Cirsium arvense; kentang; PGPR; Pseudomonas fluorescence; scurf hitam
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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat;
email: uzma.iags@pu.edu.pk
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